ABSTRACT
Natural adhesives made from starch, collagen, and blood represent ancient technology, dating back at least to the Egyptians, for bonding wood [1]. During later but still historical times, the proteins from milk curd, fish skins, and legumes were added to the roster of adhesive substances used for gluing wood and paper. These included both decorative and utilitarian products. The bonds obtained were strong and durable for centuries when kept dry. Moisture produced rapid weakening and deterioration. Thus, exterior and marine service requirements could be met only with natural thermoplastics such as bitumen and tree pitch. Unfortunately, neither of these produced rigid bonds [2].
