ABSTRACT

Technological advances over the last two decades have placed genetic research at the forefront of sport and exercise science. It provides potential answers to some of contemporary sport and exercise’s defining issues and throws up some of the area’s most challenging ethical questions, but to date, it has rested on a fragmented and disparate literature base. The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics constitutes the most authoritative and comprehensive reference in this critical area of study, consolidating knowledge and providing a framework for interpreting future research findings.

Taking an approach which covers single gene variations, through genomics, epigenetics, and proteomics, to environmental and dietary influences on genetic mechanisms, the book is divided into seven sections. It examines state-of-the-art genetic methods, applies its approach to physical activity, exercise endurance, muscle strength, and sports performance, and discusses the ethical considerations associated with genetic research in sport and exercise.

Made up of contributions from some of the world’s leading sport and exercise scientists and including chapters on important topical issues such as gene doping, gender testing, predicting sport performance and injury risk, and using genetic information to inform physical activity and health debates, the handbook is a vital addition to the sport and exercise literature. It is an important reference for any upper-level student, researcher, or practitioner working in the genetics of sport and exercise or exercise physiology, and crucial reading for any social scientist interested in the ethics of sport.

chapter |4 pages

Introduction

ByJ. Timothy Lightfoot, Monica J. Hubal, Stephen M. Roth

part Section 1|2 pages

General systems genetics

chapter 1|9 pages

Why Study the Systems Genetics of Sport and Exercise?

ByFrank W. Booth, Taylor J. Kelty, Kolter B. Grigsby, Gregory N. Ruegsegger

chapter 3|13 pages

Human Systems Genetic Modeling Used in Exercise

ByJaakko Kaprio

part Section 2|2 pages

Systems genetics of physical activity

chapter 6|13 pages

Is Physical Activity Regulated by Genetics? Evidence from Studies in Humans

ByMatthijs D. van der Zee, Eco de Geus

chapter 7|14 pages

The Evolution of Genetic Mechanisms Controlling Physical Activity

ByJ. Timothy Lightfoot, Ayland C. Letsinger, Jorge Z. Granados

chapter 8|13 pages

Neurogenetics of Motivation for Physical Activity

ByJustin S. Rhodes

chapter 9|10 pages

Peripheral Mechanisms Arising from Genetics that Regulate Activity

ByDavid P. Ferguson

part Section 3|2 pages

Systems genetics of exercise endurance and trainability

chapter 11|13 pages

The Evolution of the Human Endurance Phenotype

ByDavid A. Raichlen, James T. Webber, Herman Pontzer

chapter 12|16 pages

Endurance Phenotype Primer

ByJohn C. Quindry, Michael D. Roberts

chapter 13|14 pages

Heritability of Endurance Traits from Animal Research Models

ByJoshua J. Avila, Sean M. Courtney, Michael P. Massett

chapter 14|9 pages

Heritability of Endurance Traits from Human Research Models

ByJacob L. Barber, Mark A. Sarzynski

chapter 15|13 pages

Genetic Contributions to Cardiorespiratory Fitness

ByReuben Howden, Benjamin D.H. Gordon, Ebony C. Gaillard

chapter 16|16 pages

Genetic Contributions to Mitochondrial Traits

ByMark Tarnopolsky

chapter 17|35 pages

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and the Genomics of Endurance Performance

ByLinda S. Pescatello, Lauren M.L. Corso, Lucas P. Santos, Jill Livingston, Beth A. Taylor

part Section 4|2 pages

Systems genetics of muscle mass, strength, and trainability

chapter 18|11 pages

Heritability of Muscle Size and Strength Traits

ByMartine Thomis

chapter 19|13 pages

Genetic Contributions to Muscle Strength

ByMatthew D. Barberio, Emidio E. Pistilli, Monica J. Hubal

chapter 20|13 pages

Genetic Contributions to Skeletal Muscle Size

ByPhilip J. Atherton, Jessica Cegielski, Daniel J. Wilkinson

chapter 21|20 pages

Genetic Contributions to Neuroendocrine Responses to Resistance Training

ByWilliam J. Kraemer, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Jakob L. Vingren

chapter 22|13 pages

Myostatin’s Role in Genetic Control of Muscle Size and Strength

ByDustin S. Hittel

chapter 23|21 pages

ΑLpha-Actinin-3’s Role in the Genetic Control of Muscle Strength and Performance

ByJane T. Seto, Fleur C. Garton, Kathryn N. North, Peter J. Houweling

part Section 5|2 pages

Systems genetics of sports performance

chapter 24|10 pages

Summary Findings on Genetics and Sport Performance

ByMacsue Jacques, Shanie Landen, Sarah Voisin, Nir Eynon

chapter 25|15 pages

Using Elite Athletes as a Model for Genetic Research

ByColin N. Moran, Alun G. Williams, Guan Wang

chapter 26|16 pages

Twin and Family Studies in Sport Performance

ByJosé Maia, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

chapter 27|14 pages

Sport Concussion Genetics

ByRyan T. Tierney, Jane K. McDevitt

chapter 28|14 pages

Systems Genetic Factors Underlying Soft Tissue Injury

ByMasouda Rahim, Alison V. September, Malcolm Collins

chapter 29|15 pages

Sex and Performance: Nature versus Nurture

ByMindy Millard-Stafford, Matthew T. Wittbrodt

part Section 6|2 pages

The ethics of systems genetics in exercise and sport

chapter 30|9 pages

Race and Sports Performance

ByJohn Nauright, David K. Wiggins

chapter 31|11 pages

The Scientific and Ethical Challenges of Using Genetic Information to Predict Sport Performance

ByAndrew C. Venezia, Stephen M. Roth

chapter 32|10 pages

Gene Doping: Ethical Perspectives

ByVerner Møller, Rasmus Bysted Møller

chapter 33|12 pages

Enhancing Evolution: The Transhuman Case for Gene Doping

ByAndy Miah

chapter 34|10 pages

The Ethics of Sex Testing in Sport

ByJaime Schultz

part Section 7|2 pages

Conclusions

chapter 35|7 pages

Exercise genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics: a reality check!

ByClaude Bouchard

chapter 36|9 pages

Afterword – Closing the Loop: Observations and Conclusions

ByJ. Timothy Lightfoot, Monica J. Hubal, Stephen M. Roth